1720s

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The 1720s decade ran from January 1, 1720, to December 31, 1729. In Europe it was a decade of comparative peace following a lengthy period of near continuous warfare with treaties ending the War of the Quadruple Alliance and the Great Northern War. Both Britain and France saw major financial crashes at the beginning of the decade with the South Sea Bubble and the Mississippi Company respectively. Nonetheless it was a decade of stability in both countries under the leadership of Robert Walpole and Cardinal Fleury and the two nations, recently enemies, formed the Anglo-French Alliance.

Stylistically the decade was part of the Baroque era.

Events

1720

January–March[edit]

April–June[edit]

  • April 4 – The Riksdag of the Estates elects Frederick I new King of Sweden.
  • April 17Bajirao I appointed as the Peshwa of the Maratha Empire by Chhatrapati Shahu succeeding his father Peshwa Balaji Vishwanath.
  • May 3 – The coronation of King Frederick I of Sweden takes place in Stockholm, six weeks after his rule began.
  • May 20 – The Treaty of The Hague, signed between Spain and the Quadruple Alliance (Britain, France, the Netherlands and Austria) on February 17, goes into effect. Spain renounces its claims to the Italian possessions of the French throne, and Austria and the Duchy of Savoy trade Sicily for Sardinia.
  • May 25 – The British privateer Speedwell, captained by George Shelvocke, is wrecked on the uninhabited island of Más a Tierra, the same island where Alexander Selkirk was marooned for five years; the island off of the coast of Chile is later called Robinson Crusoe Island. The crew is marooned for five months but is able to build a boat from timbers salvaged from the wreck, and is able to escape the island on October 6.
  • June 1 – British silversmiths are once again allowed to use sterling silver after 24 years of being limited to a higher quality (but softer) Britannia silver.
  • June 11 – The British Parliament approves the Bubble Act (officially the Royal Exchange and London Assurance Corporation Act 1719), prohibiting the formation of joint-stock companies without prior approval by royal charter.
  • June 19 – At Burhanpur (in the modern-day Indian state of Madhya Pradesh), the Nizam-ul-Mulk of Hyderabad survives an attempted ambush by Mughal Empire forces dispatched by the Sayyid brothers (Syed Abdullah Khan and Syed Husain Ali Khan Barha) and goes on to establish a rival state in southern India.
  • June 25 – The "South Sea Bubble", the phenomenal growth of the South Sea Company, reaches its peak as South Sea stock is priced at £1,060 a share. By the end of September, as panic sales are made, the price falls to £150.

July–September[edit]

  • July 12 – Under the authority of the Bubble Act, the Lords Justices in Great Britain attempt to curb some of the excesses of the stock markets during the "South Sea Bubble". They dissolve a number of petitions for patents and charters, and abolish more than 80 joint-stock companies of dubious merit, but this has little effect on the creation of "Bubbles", ephemeral joint-stock companies created during the hysteria of the times.[2]
  • July 14 – (July 3 O.S.) The Treaty of Frederiksborg is signed between Denmark and Sweden, ending the Great Northern War.
  • July 27 – The Battle of Grengam takes place in the Ledsund strait between the island communities of Föglö and Lemland. It is the last major naval battle in the Great Northern War taking place in the Åland Islands, marking the end of Russian and Swedish offensive naval operations in Baltic waters.
  • August 14 – The Spanish Villasur expedition, which set out on June 16 from New Mexico, with the intention of checking French influence on the Great Plains of North America, ends in failure, as it is ambushed by a Pawnee and Otoe force.
  • September 30 – "South Sea Bubble": The English stock market crashes, with dropping prices for stock in the South Sea Company.[3]

October–December[edit]

Date unknown[edit]

1721

January–March[edit]

April–June[edit]

July –September[edit]

October –December[edit]

Date unknown[edit]

1722

January–March[edit]

April–June[edit]

July–September[edit]

July 26: Start of the Russo-Persian War.

October–December[edit]

Date unknown[edit]

1723

January–March[edit]

April–June[edit]

July–September[edit]

October–December[edit]

Date unknown[edit]

1724

January–March[edit]

April–June[edit]

July–September[edit]

October–December[edit]

Date unknown[edit]

1725

January–March[edit]

April–June[edit]

July–September[edit]

October–December[edit]

Date unknown[edit]

1726

January–March[edit]

April–June[edit]

July–September[edit]

October–December[edit]

Date unknown[edit]

1727

January–March[edit]

April–June[edit]

July–September[edit]

October–December[edit]

Date unknown[edit]

1728

January–March[edit]

April–June[edit]

July–September[edit]

October–December[edit]

Date unknown[edit]

1729

January–March[edit]

April–June[edit]

July–September[edit]

October–December[edit]

Date unknown[edit]

Births

1720

Charles Edward Stuart

1721

Roger Sherman

1722

John Burgoyne
Christopher Smart
Samuel Adams

1723

Adam Smith

1724

Louise of Great Britain

1725

Giacomo Casanova
Maria Teresa Cybo-Malaspina, Duchess of Massa
Robert Clive

1726

James Hutton

1727

James Wolfe

1728

James Cook

1729

Gotthold Ephraim Lessing
Anders Chydenius
Catherine II of Russia

Deaths

1720

Joseph Dudley
John Rackham

1721

Marguerite Louise d'Orléans
Alexander Selkirk

1722

John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough
Kangxi Emperor

1723

Christopher Wren
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

1724

Pope Innocent XIII
Saint Ludovico Sabbatini
Jack Sheppard

1725

Emperor Peter I of Russia
Jonathan Wild

1726

John Vanbrugh

1727

Isaac Newton
George I of Great Britain

1728

Cotton Mather

1729

Samuel Clarke

References[edit]

  1. ^ Williams, Hywel (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp. 297–298. ISBN 0-304-35730-8.
  2. ^ MacKay, Charles (2003). Extraordinary Popular Delusions and the Madness of Crowds. Harriman House Classics.
  3. ^ "Commerce", in A Cyclopedia of Commerce and Commercial Navigation, Volume 1, ed. by J. Smith Homans, (Harper & Brothers, 1859) p391
  4. ^ "Sir Robert Walpole". 10. HM Government. Archived from the original on November 1, 2011. Retrieved November 16, 2011.
  5. ^ Frank Sherry, Raiders and Rebels: The Golden Age of Piracy (Quill, 1986) p15
  6. ^ Breverton, Terry (2004). Black Bart Roberts: The Greatest Pirate of Them All. Gretna, LA: Pelican Publishing. p. 57. ISBN 1-58980-233-0.
  7. ^ "The Boston Inoculation Controversy of 1721-1722: An Incident in the History of Race", by Margo Minardi, The William and Mary Quarterly (January 2004)
  8. ^ John L. Kessell, Spain in the Southwest: A Narrative History of Colonial New Mexico, Arizona, Texas, and California (University of Oklahoma Press, 2013) p217
  9. ^ Clear, Todd R.; Cole, George F.; Resig, Michael D. (2006). American Corrections (7th ed.). Thompson.
  10. ^ "Silence Dogood, No. 1, 2 April 1722". founders.archives.gov.
  11. ^ "Chauvet - Easter Island". Chauvet-translation.com. Retrieved 18 October 2012.
  12. ^ George Francis Dow and John Henry Edmonds, The Pirates of the New England Coast, 1630-1730 (Marine Research Society, 1923) pp218-219
  13. ^ Wicken, William Craig (2001). Mi'kmaq treaties on trial : history, land and Donald Marshall Junior. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. p. 71. ISBN 978-1-4426-7021-1. OCLC 806068866.
  14. ^ Hayton, D. W. (2004). "Atterbury, Francis (1663–1732)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/871. Retrieved 2012-11-22. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  15. ^ David Longshore, Encyclopedia of Hurricanes, Typhoons, and Cyclones (Facts on File, 2008) p293
  16. ^ "Historical Events for Year 1723 | OnThisDay.com". Historyorb.com. Retrieved 2016-06-30.
  17. ^ Dürr, Alfred; Jones, Richard D. P. (2006). "Die Elendenden sollen essen". The Cantatas of J. S. Bach: With Their Librettos in German-English Parallel Text. Oxford University Press. pp. 381–387. ISBN 978-0-19-929776-4.
  18. ^ "Magnificat in E flat major [first version] BWV 243.1; BWV 243a; BC E 13 / Magnificat (The Visitation of Mary [2 July])". Bach Digital. Retrieved 28 July 2018.
  19. ^ Wolf, C. (1985). Michael Albrecht (ed.). Oratio de Sinarum philosophia practica/Rede über die praktische Philosophie der Chinesen. Philosophische Bibliothek (in German). Hamburg, Germany: Felix Meiner Verlag. p. XXXIX.
  20. ^ "Erforsche mich, Gott, und erfahre mein Herz BWV 136; BC A 111". Bach Digital. Retrieved 10 July 2023.
  21. ^ Abram Grigorevich Raskin, Petrodvorets (Peterhof): Palaces and Pavilions, Gardens and Parks, Fountains and Cascades, Sculptures (Aurora Art Publishers, 1978) p12
  22. ^ Alan Palmer, The Baltic: A New History of the Region and Its People (Overlook Press, 2007)
  23. ^ a b c "Louis | king of Spain". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 31 March 2019.
  24. ^ a b "Jack Sheppard | English criminal". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 31 March 2019.
  25. ^ "Het schip Slot Ter Hoge", Maritiem Erfgoed] (Dutch)
  26. ^ Najita, Tetsuo (1987). Visions of virtue in Tokugawa Japan : the Kaitokudō Merchant Academy of Osaka. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  27. ^ Gee, Tony (2004). "Figg, James (b. before 1700, d. 1734), prize-fighter". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/9417. ISBN 978-0-19-861412-8. Retrieved 13 June 2022. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  28. ^ Roberts, Randy (1977). "Eighteenth Century Boxing". Journal of Sport History. 4 (3): 249. JSTOR 43610520.
  29. ^ Yosaburō Takekoshi, The Economic Aspects of the History of the Civilization of Japan, Volume 3 (Taylor & Francis, 2004) p395
  30. ^ "Historical Events for Year 1725 | OnThisDay.com". Historyorb.com. Retrieved 2016-07-08.
  31. ^ Leisinger, Ulrich (1998). Johann Sebastian Bach / Wie schön leuchtet der Morgenstern / How beauteous is the morning star / BWV 1 (PDF). Translated by Kosviner, David. Stuttgart: Carus-Verlag. p. 4.
  32. ^ "Notable Dates in History". The Flag in the Wind. The Scots Independent. Archived from the original on January 26, 2016. Retrieved February 26, 2016.
  33. ^ Dublin Weekly Journal 26 June 1725. "History of Freemasonry in Ireland". Freemasonry in North Munster. Provincial Grand Lodge of North Munster. Retrieved 2012-08-30.
  34. ^ "Molyneux, Samuel", by Miss A. M. Clerke, in The Dictionary of National Biography, Volume 38 (Macmillan and Co., 1894) p136
  35. ^ Pinochet Ugarte, Augusto; Villaroel Carmona, Rafael; Lepe Orellana, Jaime; Fuente-Alba Poblete, J. Miguel; Fuenzalida Helms, Eduardo (1997). Historia militar de Chile (in Spanish) (3rd ed.). Biblioteca Militar. p. 88.
  36. ^ Bentley, G. E. Jr. (March 2009). "Blake's Murderesses: Visionary Heads of Wickedness". Huntington Library Quarterly. 72 (1). University of California Press: 69–105. doi:10.1525/hlq.2009.72.1.69. JSTOR 10.1525/hlq.2009.72.1.69. At Catherine's urging, "Billings went into the room with a hatchet, with which he struck Hayes so violently that he fractured his skull" but did not kill him. Wood, "taking the hatchet out of Billings's hand, gave the poor man two more blows, which effectually dispatched him." They were then faced with the problem of how to dispose of the body.
  37. ^ Frank Ching, Ancestors: The Story of China Told Through the Lives of an Extraordinary Family (Ebury Publishing, 2011) p257
  38. ^ Gwendolyn Midlo Hall, Africans in Colonial Louisiana: The Development of Afro-Creole Culture in the Eighteenth-Century (LSU Press, 1992)
  39. ^ Henri Troyat, Terrible Tsarinas: Five Russian Women in Power (Algora Publishing, 2007) p23
  40. ^ Atlas of Isoseismal Maps of Italian Earthquakes, ed. by D. Postpieschi (Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 1986)
  41. ^ "Marriage and Family Laws and Their Impact on Civil Registration of Vital Events", by Suzan Wynne, The Galitzianer (November 16, 2003)
  42. ^ "Feast of Our Lady Mount Carmel", The Catholic Encyclopedia online
  43. ^ Axworthy pp. 57–74
  44. ^ a b c d Williams, Hywel (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. p. 301. ISBN 0-304-35730-8.
  45. ^ a b Everett, Jason M., ed. (2006). "1727". The People's Chronology. Thomson Gale.
  46. ^ Mary Ellen Snodgrass, American Colonial Women and Their Art: A Chronological Encyclopedia (Rowman & Littlefield, 2017) p46
  47. ^ "Fires, Great", in The Insurance Cyclopeadia: Being an Historical Treasury of Events and Circumstances Connected with the Origin and Progress of Insurance, Cornelius Walford, ed. (C. and E. Layton, 1876) p49
  48. ^ "Dornoch in the 18th century". Historylinks Museum. Archived from the original on July 6, 2016. Retrieved 2010-08-27.
  49. ^ K. M. Sheard (8 December 2011). Llewellyn's Complete Book of Names: For Pagans, Wiccans, Druids, Heathens, Mages, Shamans & Independent Thinkers of All Sorts Who Are Curious about Na. Llewellyn Worldwide. pp. 304–. ISBN 978-0-7387-2368-6. Retrieved 28 June 2012.
  50. ^ Neill, W. N. (1923). "the Last Execution for Witchcraft in Scotland, 1722". Scottish Historical Review. 20 (79): 218–21. JSTOR 25519547.
  51. ^ "The history of payments in the UK". BBC News. 2009-02-16. Retrieved 2016-02-25.
  52. ^ Abel Boyer, The Political State of Great Britain, Volume XXXV, Containing the Months of January, February, March, April, May, and June, MDCCXXVIII (1728) p565
  53. ^ Lutz Richter-Bernburg, Persian Medical Manuscripts at the University of California, Los Angeles: A Descriptive Catalogue (Malibu: Udena Publications, 1978) p. 155
  54. ^ Old Fort William in Bengal: A Selection of Official Documents Dealing with Its History, ed. by C. R. Wilson (Government of India, 1906) p. 127
  55. ^ Delambre, J. B. (1827). Histoire de l'astronomie au dix-huitième siècle. Paris: Bachelier.
  56. ^ Gilbert R. Cruz, Let There Be Towns: Spanish Municipal Origins in the American Southwest, 1610-1810 (Texas A&M University Press, 1996) p60
  57. ^ Martin Sicker, The Islamic World in Decline: From the Treaty of Karlowitz to the Disintegration of the Ottoman Empire (Greenwood Press, 2001) p57
  58. ^ Thomas D. Wilson, The Oglethorpe Plan: Enlightenment Design in Savannah and Beyond (University of Virginia Press, 2015)
  59. ^ Lester C. Olson, Benjamin Franklin's Vision of American Community: A Study in Rhetorical Iconology (University of South Carolina Press, 2004) p117
  60. ^ Mark A. Peters, Compositional Choices and Meaning in the Vocal Music of J. S. Bach (Lexington Books, 2018) p168
  61. ^ Thomas Francis Moran, The Theory and Practice of the English Government (Longmans, Green, and Company, 1903) pp 264-265
  62. ^ "Regents (England and France)", in The Manual of Dates, A Dictionary of Reference to All the Most Important Events in the History of Mankind to be Found in Authentic Records, by George H. Townsend (Frederick Warne & Company, 1877) p805
  63. ^ Yıldız, Kenan. "Istanbul Fires During the Ottoman Period". History of Istanbul. Retrieved 2021-04-30.
  64. ^ William L. R. Cates (1863). The Pocket Date Book. Chapman and Hall.
  65. ^ George Edward Milne, Natchez Country: Indians, Colonists, and the Landscapes of Race in French Louisiana (University of Georgia Press, 2015) p185
  66. ^ Williams, Hywel (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 0-304-35730-8.
  67. ^ Gordon, Alden R. (2003). "Searching for the Elusive Madame de Pompadour". Eighteenth-Century Studies. 37 (1): 95. doi:10.1353/ecs.2003.0062. ISSN 0013-2586. JSTOR 25098031. S2CID 144477737.
  68. ^ Hanaway, William L. Jr. (1989). "BĀZGAŠT-E ADABĪ". Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. IV, Fasc. 1. pp. 58–60.
  69. ^ de Bruin, J.T.P. (2011). "Ādhar, Ḥājjī Luṭf ʿAlī Beg". In Fleet, Kate; Krämer, Gudrun; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; Rowson, Everett (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam (3rd ed.). Brill Online. doi:10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_24761. ISSN 1873-9830.
  70. ^ Torres, João Romano. "Vilas Boas (D. frei Manuel do Cenáculo)". Portugal - Dicionário Histórico, Corográfico, Heráldico, Biográfico, Bibliográfico, Numismático e Artístico, Volume VII (in Portuguese). Retrieved 15 November 2020.
  71. ^ Gullino, Giuseppe (1997). "FOSCARI, Alvise". Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani, Volume 49: Forino–Francesco da Serino (in Italian). Rome: Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana. ISBN 978-8-81200032-6.
  72. ^ Cunningham, George Godfrey (1837). Lives of Eminent and Illustrious Englishmen: From Alfred the Great to the Latest Times, on an Original Plan. A. Fullarton. p. 57.
  73. ^ Pelo, June. "Anders Chydenius". Archived from the original on 2007-10-30. Retrieved 2020-12-09.
  74. ^ "Catherine the Great | Biography, Facts, & Accomplishments". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 22 March 2019.
  75. ^ Highfill, Philip H.; Burnim, Kalman A.; Langhans, Edward A. (1993). A Biographical Dictionary of Actors, Actresses, Musicians, Dancers, Managers and Other Stage Personnel in London, 1660-1800. Vol. 16. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press. p. 225. ISBN 978-0-8093-1803-2.
  76. ^ "Innocent XIII | pope". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 13 May 2021.
  77. ^ Young, B. W. "Wollaston, William". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/29841. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  78. ^ "Thomas Guy". Tamworth Heritage Trust. Retrieved 31 March 2019.
  79. ^ Newman, A. N. "KING, Thomas (?bef.1660-1725), of St. Margaret's, Westminster and Sheerness, Kent". History of Parliament Online. Retrieved 4 January 2020.
  80. ^ "Thomas Pitt | British merchant". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 20 September 2021.
  81. ^ Schiavone, Michael J. (2009). Dictionary of Maltese Biographies Vol. 1 A–F. Pietà: Pubblikazzjonijiet Indipendenza. p. 755. ISBN 9789993291329.
  82. ^ Schiavone, Michael J. (2009). Dictionary of Maltese Biographies Vol. 1 A–F. Pietà: Pubblikazzjonijiet Indipendenza. p. 756. ISBN 9789993291329.
  83. ^ Wilmshurst, David (2019). "West Syrian patriarchs and maphrians". In King, Daniel (ed.). The Syriac World. Routledge. p. 812.
  84. ^ "William Congreve | English dramatist". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 23 August 2018.
  85. ^ Medallic Illustrations of the History of Great Britain and Ireland to the Death of George II. Trustees of the British Museum. 1911. p. 2.
  86. ^ "Parish Church of St Peter, Carmarthen". BritishListedBuildings. Retrieved 24 September 2018.
  87. ^ Albert Rosenberg (1953). Sir Richard Blackmore: A Poet and Physician of the Augustan Age. University of Nebraska Press. pp. 158–160.
  88. ^ Charles Bradlaugh (1956). Half-hours with the Freethinkers. J. Watts. p. 46.
  89. ^ John McClintock; James Strong (1889). Cyclopædia of Biblical, Theological, and Ecclesiastical Literature. Harper & Brothers. p. 500.