Antarctic field camps

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Many research stations in Antarctica support satellite field camps which are, in general, seasonal camps. The type of field camp can vary – some are permanent structures used during the annual Antarctic summer, whereas others are little more than tents used to support short term activities. Field camps are used for many things, from logistics (Sky Blu) to dedicated scientific research (WAIS Divide Field Camp).

List of field camps[edit]


Field camp or
Refuge name

Location

Country
Year
est.

Activities

Type and Status
Serving
base

Coordinates
Time zone
VII Brigada Aérea Seymour Island  Argentina 1978 Summer refuge
Closed
Marambio 64°14′25″S 56°37′17″W / 64.240161°S 56.621392°W / -64.240161; -56.621392
17 de Agosto Millerand Island  Argentina 1957 Summer refuge
Open
San Martín 68°08′15″S 67°08′17″W / 68.137417°S 67.138141°W / -68.137417; -67.138141
A
Abrazo de Maipú Trinity Peninsula  Argentina
 Chile
1967 Scientific activity Summer refuge
Closed 2010
Esperanza 63°23′17″S 57°34′58″W / 63.387967°S 57.582667°W / -63.387967; -57.582667[1]
Academia Livingston Island  Bulgaria 2004 Topographic survey Summer camp
Open
St. Kliment Ohridski 62°38′42″S 60°10′18″W / 62.644972°S 60.17175°W / -62.644972; -60.17175 UTC−4
Ace Lake[2] Princess Elizabeth Land  Australia 2004 Research projects at Ace Lake Summer refuge
Open
Davis 68°28′31″S 78°11′23″E / 68.475261°S 78.189773°E / -68.475261; 78.189773
AGAP North
Field[3]
Gamburtsev Mountain Range  Australia
 United Kingdom
2006 AGAP Project Summer camp 80°30′S 76°00′E / 80.500°S 76.000°E / -80.500; 76.000
AGAP South
Field[3]
Gamburtsev Mountain Range  Germany
 Japan
 United States
2006 AGAP Project Summer camp 80°30′S 76°00′E / 80.500°S 76.000°E / -80.500; 76.000
Albatros King George Island  Argentina n/a Summer refuge
Carlini 62°15′09″S 58°39′24″W / 62.252378°S 58.656730°W / -62.252378; -58.656730
ALCI Airbase Queen Maud Land  South Africa 2001 Airfield Camp Summer camp
Open
Maitri
Novolazarevskaya
70°49′17″S 11°38′36″E / 70.821517°S 11.643345°E / -70.821517; 11.643345
Amundsen[4] Amundsen Glacier  United States 1963 Summer camp
Closed 1964
86°18′00″S 160°55′00″W / 86.300000°S 160.916667°W / -86.300000; -160.916667
Antonio Moro Tabarin Peninsula  Argentina 1955 Summer refuge
Open
Esperanza 63°25′14″S 56°59′47″W / 63.420457°S 56.996363°W / -63.420457; -56.996363
Arcondo Arcondo Nunatak  Argentina 1963 Summer refuge
Lost
66°09′00″S 61°43′00″W / 66.15°S 61.716667°W / -66.15; -61.716667
Asgard Asgard Range  New Zealand 1969 Closed 1990
Removed
77°35′00″S 161°36′00″E / 77.583333°S 161.6°E / -77.583333; 161.6
B
Balduino Rambo King George Island  Brazil 1985 Summer refuge
Dismantled
2004
Ferraz 62°05′43″S 58°34′31″W / 62.0953°S 58.5753°W / -62.0953; -58.5753
Ballvé Ardley Island  Argentina 1953 Paleomagnetism Summer refuge
Open
62°12′36″S 58°56′03″W / 62.210111°S 58.934222°W / -62.210111; -58.934222 UTC-3
Bandits[2] Tryne Fjord  Australia 1983 Seal research Summer refuge
Open
Davis 68°25′18″S 78°23′04″E / 68.421803°S 78.384340°E / -68.421803; 78.384340
Beacon Valley[5] Beacon Valley  United States 2004 Project oldest Ice Summer camp 77°51′32″S 160°34′26″E / 77.859°S 160.574°E / -77.859; 160.574
Beardmore South[4][6] Beardmore Glacier  United States 1984 Helicopter support Summer camp 84°00′00″S 160°30′00″E / 84.000000°S 160.500000°E / -84.000000; 160.500000
Beaver Lake Beaver Lake  Australia 1995 Summer camp
Open
70°47′42″S 68°10′08″E / 70.795115°S 68.168909°E / -70.795115; 68.168909
Béchervaise Island[2] Bechervaise Island  Australia n/a Penguin research Summer refuge
Open
Mawson 67°35′13″S 62°48′30″E / 67.587072°S 62.808454°E / -67.587072; 62.808454 UTC+6
Betbeder Snow Hill Island  Argentina 1954 Summer refuge
64°21′31″S 56°56′24″W / 64.358712°S 56.939992°W / -64.358712; -56.939992
Black Island Black Island  United States n/a Summer refuge
Open
78°09′01″S 166°06′15″E / 78.150305°S 166.104101°E / -78.150305; 166.104101
Blaicklock Island (BL)[7] Blaiklock Island  United Kingdom 1957 Survey
Geology
Summer refuge
Closed 1958
Historic Site No.63
Station Y
Station W
67°32′43″S 67°11′36″W / 67.545189°S 67.193443°W / -67.545189; -67.193443
Borchgrevink's Hut Cape Adare  Norway 1899 Abandoned
ASPA #159
71°18′04″S 170°12′05″E / 71.301088°S 170.201310°E / -71.301088; 170.201310 UTC+12
Boulder Sansom Islands  Australia Depot 68°36′19″S 78°28′49″E / 68.605219°S 78.48015°E / -68.605219; 78.48015
Bratina Island[8] Bratina Island  New Zealand n/a Summer refuge
Open
78°03′12″S 165°28′28″E / 78.053204°S 165.474359°E / -78.053204; 165.474359
Brookes[2] Shirokaya Bay  Australia 1972 Depot for seal and lake research Summer refuge
Open
Davis 68°36′06″S 78°11′05″E / 68.601667°S 78.184861°E / -68.601667; 78.184861 UTC+7
Browning Pass Browning Pass  Italy 1997 Airfield Camp
Fuel depot
Summer camp
Open
Zucchelli 74°37′21″S 163°54′58″E / 74.622402°S 163.916184°E / -74.622402; 163.916184 UTC+12
Browning Peninsula[2] Browning Peninsula  Australia n/a Support field personnel Summer refuge
Open
Casey 66°28′10″S 110°33′01″E / 66.469444°S 110.550139°E / -66.469444; 110.550139 UTC+11
Brownworth[8] Lake Brownworth  New Zealand 1969 Closed 1985
Removed
77°27′00″S 162°53′00″E / 77.45°S 162.883333°E / -77.45; 162.883333
Bull Pass Bull Pass  New Zealand 1969 Summer hut
Closed 2003
77°31′00″S 161°50′00″E / 77.516667°S 161.833333°E / -77.516667; 161.833333
Bull Pass Bull Pass  United States n/a Summer refuge
Open
77°31′01″S 161°50′52″E / 77.516936°S 161.847854°E / -77.516936; 161.847854
Bryde Bryde Island  Argentina 1953 Summer refuge
Brown 64°53′00″S 62°56′00″W / 64.883333°S 62.933333°W / -64.883333; -62.933333
Byers Livingston Island  Spain 2001 Summer refuge
Open
Juan Carlos I 62°39′49″S 61°05′58″W / 62.663652°S 61.099339°W / -62.663652; -61.099339 UTC−4
Byrd Aurora[4] Marie Byrd Land  United States 1963 Summer camp
Closed 1963
79°26′00″S 118°04′00″W / 79.433333°S 118.066667°W / -79.433333; -118.066667
Byrd Coast[4] Mount Farley  United States 1966 Summer camp
Closed 1967
76°55′00″S 144°00′00″W / 76.916667°S 144.000000°W / -76.916667; -144.000000
Byrd Surface[9] Marie Byrd Land  United States 2001 Temporary
closed
80°00′53″S 119°33′56″W / 80.014684°S 119.565537°W / -80.014684; -119.565537
C
Cabral Pitt Point  Argentina 1964 Summer refuge
Closed
Esperanza 63°50′45″S 58°22′34″W / 63.845889°S 58.376223°W / -63.845889; -58.376223
Caleta Péndulo Port Foster  Argentina 1947 Abandoned 1967 62°55′42″S 60°36′30″W / 62.928333°S 60.608333°W / -62.928333; -60.608333
Caleta Telefon Deception Island  Chile 1955 Emergency refuge Abandoned
1967
62°56′00″S 60°42′00″W / 62.933333°S 60.700000°W / -62.933333; -60.700000
Campbell [10] Campbell Glacier  Italy n/a Fuel depot Summer
Open
Zucchelli 74°11′46″S 163°52′52″E / 74.196200°S 163.881217°E / -74.196200; 163.881217 UTC+12
Cape Bird[8] Cape Bird  New Zealand 1965 Summer refuge
Open
Scott 77°13′05″S 166°26′09″E / 77.218088°S 166.435795°E / -77.218088; 166.435795
Cape Chocolate Cape Chocolate  New Zealand n/a Summer hut
Closed
77°56′00″S 164°30′00″E / 77.933333°S 164.5°E / -77.933333; 164.5
Cape Crozier Cape Crozier  United States n/a Summer refuge
Open
77°27′39″S 169°11′14″E / 77.460833°S 169.187222°E / -77.460833; 169.187222
Cape Denison Cape Denison  Australia n/a Maintenance to Mawson's Huts Summer refuge
Open
Mawson's Huts 67°00′31″S 142°39′41″E / 67.008740°S 142.661437°E / -67.008740; 142.661437
Cape Evans[8] Cape Evans  New Zealand n/a Summer refuge
Open
77°38′18″S 166°24′25″E / 77.638333°S 166.406944°E / -77.638333; 166.406944
Cape Hallett[10] Cape Hallett  Italy n/a Fuel depot Summer
Open
Zucchelli 72°25′50″S 169°56′43″E / 72.430555°S 169.945154°E / -72.430555; 169.945154 UTC+12
Cape Phillips[10] Cape Phillips  Italy n/a Fuel depot Summer
Open
Zucchelli 73°03′38″S 169°37′50″E / 73.060667°S 169.630500°E / -73.060667; 169.630500 UTC+12
Cape Reclus (CR)[11] Portal Point  United Kingdom 1956 Survey
Geology
Summer refuge
Closed 1958
Dismantled 1996
Rebuilt inside Falkland Islands Museum in 2014
Station O 64°30′00″S 61°46′00″W / 64.5°S 61.766667°W / -64.5; -61.766667
Cape Roberts[8] Cape Roberts  New Zealand 1984 Summer refuge
Open
77°02′05″S 163°11′03″E / 77.034776°S 163.184286°E / -77.034776; 163.184286
Cape Roberts Cape Roberts  United States 1997 Cape Roberts Project Summer refuge
Open
McMurdo
Scott
77°02′00″S 163°10′45″E / 77.033333°S 163.179167°E / -77.033333; 163.179167
Cape Ross[10] Cape Ross  Italy n/a Fuel depot Summer
Open
Zucchelli 76°44′01″S 162°58′03″E / 76.733483°S 162.967450°E / -76.733483; 162.967450 UTC+12
Cape Royds[8] Cape Royds  New Zealand 1993 Summer refuge
Open
77°33′13″S 166°09′45″E / 77.553638°S 166.162449°E / -77.553638; 166.162449
Cape Royds Cape Royds  United States n/a Summer refuge
Open
77°33′16″S 166°09′50″E / 77.554366°S 166.163838°E / -77.554366; 166.163838
Capitán Caillet-Bois D'Hainaut Island  Argentina 1954 Summer refuge
Occasionally used
63°54′33″S 60°48′21″W / 63.909165°S 60.805948°W / -63.909165; -60.805948
Capitán Cobbett Cierva Cove  Argentina 1954 Meteorology
Biology
Summer refuge
Open
Primavera 64°09′21″S 60°57′19″W / 64.155766°S 60.955183°W / -64.155766; -60.955183
Capitán Estivariz Watkins Island  Argentina 1956 Summer refuge
Open
Brown 66°23′00″S 67°13′00″W / 66.383333°S 67.216667°W / -66.383333; -67.216667
Capitán Fliess Neko Harbour  Argentina 1949 Summer refuge
Rebuilt 2011
64°50′41″S 62°31′48″W / 64.844587°S 62.530071°W / -64.844587; -62.530071
Castle Rock Castle Rock  United States n/a Emergency hut Summer hut
Open
McMurdo Station 77°49′31″S 166°42′22″E / 77.825161°S 166.706150°E / -77.825161; 166.706150
Chacabuco Fallières Coast  Argentina 1956 Summer refuge
Open
San Martín 68°06′00″S 66°31′00″W / 68.1°S 66.516667°W / -68.1; -66.516667
Colbeck Hut[2] Colbeck Archipelago  Australia 1988 Monitor the
Taylor Glacier
emperor penguin
Summer hut
Open
Mawson 67°27′37″S 60°58′50″E / 67.460175°S 60.980582°E / -67.460175; 60.980582 UTC+6
Comandante Zapiola Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf  Argentina 1976 Summer refuge
Open
Belgrano II 77°51′S 34°33′W / 77.85°S 34.55°W / -77.85; -34.55
Commonwealth Glacier Commonwealth Glacier  New Zealand 1975 Summer camp
Closed 1977
Demolished
77°35′00″S 163°19′00″E / 77.583333°S 163.316667°E / -77.583333; 163.316667
Corrientes Brunt Ice Shelf  Argentina 1961 Summer refuge
Closed
Belgrano II 75°34′00″S 26°36′00″W / 75.566667°S 26.6°W / -75.566667; -26.6
Cosmonaut[10] Cosmonaut Glacier  Italy n/a Fuel depot Summer
Open
Zucchelli 73°24′02″S 164°41′21″E / 73.400500°S 164.689167°E / -73.400500; 164.689167 UTC+12
Cristo Redentor Duse Bay  Argentina 1955 Summer refuge
Open
Esperanza 63°33′08″S 57°22′43″W / 63.552090°S 57.378496°W / -63.552090; -57.378496
Crooked Lake[2] Crooked Lake  Australia n/a Support field personnel Summer refuge
Open
Davis 68°37′32″S 78°22′57″E / 68.625644°S 78.382398°E / -68.625644; 78.382398 UTC+7
Cruls Nelson Island  Brazil 1985 Summer refuge
Open
Ferraz 62°14′34″S 58°58′51″W / 62.242778°S 58.980833°W / -62.242778; -58.980833
CTAM[12] Transantarctic Mountains  United States 2010 Depot Summer camp
Temporary closed
83°59′45″S 164°25′01″E / 83.995728°S 164.417014°E / -83.995728; 164.417014
D
D10 Skiway Cape Géodésie  France n/a Airfield Camp Summer camp
Open
Dumont d'Urville Station 66°42′03″S 139°49′31″E / 66.700751°S 139.825341°E / -66.700751; 139.825341
D59 Skiway East Antarctic Ice Sheet  France n/a Airfield Camp Summer camp
Closed
69°37′S 135°22′E / 69.62°S 135.36°E / -69.62; 135.36
D85 Skiway East Antarctic Ice Sheet  France n/a Airfield Camp Summer camp
Open
70°25′12″S 134°09′00″E / 70.420000°S 134.150000°E / -70.420000; 134.150000
Damoy Point (DP)[13] Damoy Point  United Kingdom 1975 Transit Facility Summer refuge
Closed 2006
Historic Site No.84
Rothera 64°49′04″S 63°30′15″W / 64.817675°S 63.504093°W / -64.817675; -63.504093
Darwin Glacier Darwin Glacier n/a 79°55′20″S 159°06′10″E / 79.922139°S 159.102852°E / -79.922139; 159.102852
Discovery Hut Hut Point Peninsula
Ross Island
 United Kingdom 1902 Discovery Expedition Abandoned
1917
ASPA #158
n/a 77°50′45″S 166°38′30″E / 77.845826°S 166.641690°E / -77.845826; 166.641690
Dome C[4] Antarctic ice sheet  United States 1981 Summer camp
inactive since 1984
74°39′00″S 124°10′00″W / 74.650000°S 124.166667°W / -74.650000; -124.166667
Dorian Bay Dorian Bay  Argentina 1957 Survey Summer refuge
Open
refurbished 2011
64°49′04″S 63°30′15″W / 64.817648°S 63.504133°W / -64.817648; -63.504133
Downstream Bravo Camp Fuel depot Abandoned 84°1′S 155°0′W / 84.017°S 155.000°W / -84.017; -155.000
E
E-Base Fimbul Ice Shelf  South Africa 1995 Emergency refuge
Accommodation
Closed
Abandoned
SANAE III 70°18′00″S 2°26′00″W / 70.3°S 2.433333°W / -70.3; -2.433333
Edgeworth David[2] Bunger Hills  Australia 1986 Geology
Geophysics
Geomorphology
Summer refuge
Open
Casey 66°14′59″S 100°36′12″E / 66.249764°S 100.603219°E / -66.249764; 100.603219 UTC+8
El Manco Seymour Island  Argentina 2007 Summer refuge
64°13′35″S 56°39′32″W / 64.226468°S 56.658831°W / -64.226468; -56.658831
El Plumerillo Rymill Bay  Argentina 1953 Summer refuge
Closed
San Martín 68°20′00″S 67°10′00″W / 68.333333°S 67.166667°W / -68.333333; -67.166667
Elefante King George Island  Argentina n/a Summer refuge
Carlini 62°15′18″S 58°37′56″W / 62.255°S 58.632222°W / -62.255; -58.632222
Enigma Lake Victoria Land  Italy 2005 Airfield Camp Summer camp
Open
Zucchelli 74°43′08″S 164°01′46″E / 74.718921°S 164.029558°E / -74.718921; 164.029558 UTC+12
Ensenada Martel Admiralty Bay  Argentina 1947 Summer refuge
Abandoned
62°06′00″S 58°28′00″W / 62.1°S 58.466667°W / -62.1; -58.466667
F
F6 Camp[9] Victoria Land  United States 2001 Summer camp
Open
77°36′30″S 163°15′20″E / 77.608333°S 163.255556°E / -77.608333; 163.255556
Fang Hut[2] David Range  Australia 1982 Geology Summer hut
Open
Mawson 67°47′41″S 62°35′04″E / 67.794722°S 62.584444°E / -67.794722; 62.584444 UTC+6
Filla[2] Filla Island  Australia 1999 Support field personnel Summer refuge
Open
68°48′29″S 77°51′23″E / 68.808056°S 77.856389°E / -68.808056; 77.856389
Florentino Ameghino Cape Longing  Argentina 1960 Summer
Closed
Esperanza 64°26′14″S 58°58′31″W / 64.437313°S 58.975244°W / -64.437313; -58.975244
Fossil Bluff[14] Alexander Island  United Kingdom 1961 Airfield Camp
Fuel depot
Summer
Open
71°20′00″S 68°17′00″W / 71.333333°S 68.283333°W / -71.333333; -68.283333
Framheim Bay of Whales
Ross Ice Shelf
 Norway 1911 Amundsen's South Pole expedition Abandoned
1912
78°30′00″S 164°00′00″W / 78.500000°S 164.000000°W / -78.500000; -164.000000
Francisco de Gurruchaga Nelson Island  Argentina 1954 Summer refuge
Open
62°16′08″S 59°11′04″W / 62.268955°S 59.184438°W / -62.268955; -59.184438
G
General San Martín Persson Island  Argentina 1955 Summer refuge
Open
Esperanza 64°11′22″S 58°23′02″W / 64.189500°S 58.383906°W / -64.189500; -58.383906
Goeldi Elephant Island  Brazil 1988 Summer refuge
Open
Ferraz 61°03′S 55°12′W / 61.05°S 55.2°W / -61.05; -55.2
Gould[4] Heritage Range  United States 1966 Closed 1967 Summer camp 78°57′00″S 85°45′00″W / 78.950000°S 85.750000°W / -78.950000; -85.750000
Gould Bay Gould Bay  United States n/a Private Base Camp Summer camp
Open
77°44′05″S 47°32′05″W / 77.734605°S 47.534758°W / -77.734605; -47.534758
Granaderos Hayrick Island  Argentina 1957 Summer refuge San Martín 68°42′24″S 67°30′40″W / 68.706579°S 67.511143°W / -68.706579; -67.511143
Groussac Petermann Island  Argentina 1955 Summer refuge
Open
Esperanza 65°10′33″S 64°08′10″W / 65.175727°S 64.136247°W / -65.175727; -64.136247
Guaraní Cape Sobral  Argentina 1959 Summer refuge
Lost
64°30′40″S 59°37′35″W / 64.511168°S 59.626363°W / -64.511168; -59.626363
Guillochon Rabot Island  Argentina 1957 Summer refuge
Closed
65°54′40″S 65°54′20″W / 65.911016°S 65.905436°W / -65.911016; -65.905436
Gutiérrez Vargas Deception Island  Chile 1956 Emergency refuge Summer
Abandoned
1967
62°57′00″S 60°36′00″W / 62.950000°S 60.600000°W / -62.950000; -60.600000
H
Harrow Peaks[10] Harrow Peaks  Italy n/a Fuel depot Summer
Open
Zucchelli 74°06′11″S 164°46′16″E / 74.103167°S 164.771167°E / -74.103167; 164.771167 UTC+12
Herb Herbertson Glacier  New Zealand n/a Summer camp
Closed
77°42′S 163°48′E / 77.7°S 163.8°E / -77.7; 163.8
Hop[2] Hop Island  Australia 1990 Support field personnel Summer refuge
Open
68°49′16″S 77°41′56″E / 68.821034°S 77.698765°E / -68.821034; 77.698765
Huneeus Patriot Hills  Chile 1997 Support field personnel Summer refuge
Closed 2013
80°18′08″S 81°20′52″W / 80.302250°S 81.347846°W / -80.302250; -81.347846
I
Icaro Terra Nova Bay  Italy n/a Meteo station
Emergency refuge
Summer camp
Open
Zucchelli Station 74°42′43″S 164°07′00″E / 74.711866°S 164.116650°E / -74.711866; 164.116650 UTC+12
Independencia Argentina Trinity Peninsula  Argentina 1967 Summer refuge
Open
Esperanza 63°27′00″S 57°10′00″W / 63.45°S 57.166667°W / -63.45; -57.166667
J
Jack's Donga[2] David Range  Australia 1982 Geology Summer refuge
Open
Mawson 66°13′42″S 110°39′12″E / 66.228333°S 110.653333°E / -66.228333; 110.653333 UTC+6
Jorge Boonen
(ex Cañas Montalva)
(ex Station V)
View Point  Chile

 United Kingdom
1996

1953
Meteorology
Geology
Summer refuge
Open
Esperanza 63°33′16″S 57°22′42″W / 63.554392°S 57.378279°W / -63.554392; -57.378279
K
Kottas Heimefront Range  East Germany
 Germany
1985 Geophysical
Geology
Summer camp Neumayer III
Kohnen
74°12′18″S 9°44′48″W / 74.205000°S 9.746667°W / -74.205000; -9.746667[15]
Kurzmann Trinity Peninsula  Argentina 1976 Summer refuge
Destroyed
63°25′00″S 57°06′00″W / 63.416667°S 57.1°W / -63.416667; -57.1
L
Lake Bonney[9] Lake Bonney  United States 2001 Summer refuge
Open
77°42′53″S 162°27′01″E / 77.714762°S 162.450372°E / -77.714762; 162.450372
Lake Fryxell[9] Lake Fryxell  United States 2001 Summer refuge
Open
77°36′21″S 163°07′32″E / 77.605751°S 163.125612°E / -77.605751; 163.125612
Lake Hoare[9] Lake Hoare  United States 2001 Summer refuge
Open
77°37′23″S 162°54′02″E / 77.623151°S 162.900645°E / -77.623151; 162.900645
Lake Miers Lake Miers  New Zealand 1979 Summer refuge
Closed 1996
78°08′00″S 163°50′00″E / 78.133333°S 163.833333°E / -78.133333; 163.833333
Lake Vanda[8] Lake Vanda  New Zealand n/a Summer refuge
Open
77°31′20″S 161°41′00″E / 77.522143°S 161.683400°E / -77.522143; 161.683400
Lake Vida Lake Vida  United States n/a Depot Summer refuge
Open
77°22′41″S 161°54′13″E / 77.378087°S 161.903503°E / -77.378087; 161.903503
Lasala Whalers Bay  Argentina 1953 Summer refuge
Destroyed by the British in the Deception Island incident in April 1953
62°55′59″S 60°35′50″W / 62.933002°S 60.597108°W / -62.933002; -60.597108
Ledingham[2] Ledingham Depot  Australia 1984 Support science programs Summer refuge
Open
67°22′00″S 59°27′09″E / 67.366667°S 59.452500°E / -67.366667; 59.452500
Lichen Hills[10] Lichen Hills  Italy n/a Fuel depot Summer
Open
Zucchelli 73°18′19″S 162°06′06″E / 73.305400°S 162.101700°E / -73.305400; 162.101700 UTC+12
Lillie Marlene Everett Range  East Germany
 Germany
1979 Emergency
Refuge
Summer refuge
Open
71°12′24″S 164°30′43″E / 71.206756°S 164.511903°E / -71.206756; 164.511903
Little Dome C East Antarctic Plateau  France
 Italy
2016 Beyond EPICA[16] Summer camp
Open
Concordia Station 75°17′57″S 122°26′43″E / 75.299169°S 122.445156°E / -75.299169; 122.445156[17]
Little Rockford[4]  United States 1958 Summer camp
Closed 1965
79°30′00″S 147°19′00″W / 79.500000°S 147.316667°W / -79.500000; -147.316667
Livingston Livingston Island  Argentina 1995 Summer refuge
Open
62°39′22″S 61°0′39″W / 62.65611°S 61.01083°W / -62.65611; -61.01083 (Camp Livingston) UTC−4
Lower Erebus Ross Island  United States 1992 Monitoring
Mt. Erebus
Summer refuge
Open
McMurdo 77°30′41″S 167°08′34″E / 77.511306°S 167.142833°E / -77.511306; 167.142833 UTC+12
Lower Wright Wright Lower Glacier  New Zealand 1971 Summer refuge
Open
77°26′00″S 162°03′00″E / 77.433333°S 162.05°E / -77.433333; 162.05
Lower Wright[8] Wright Lower Glacier  United States n/a Summer refuge
Open
77°26′34″S 162°38′54″E / 77.442877°S 162.648369°E / -77.442877; 162.648369
M
Macey[2] Robinson Group  Australia 1971 Auster emperor penguin colony Summer hut
Open
Mawson 67°26′21″S 63°43′09″E / 67.439167°S 63.719167°E / -67.439167; 63.719167 UTC+6
Maipú Larsen Ice Shelf  Argentina 1956 Summer refuge
Closed
San Martín 68°06′00″S 65°58′00″W / 68.1°S 65.966667°W / -68.1; -65.966667
Marble Point McMurdo Dry Valleys  United States n/a Fuel Depot
Logistic base for helicopters
Summer refuge
Open
McMurdo 77°24′51″S 163°41′04″E / 77.414031°S 163.684537°E / -77.414031; 163.684537
Marie Byrd[4] Marie Byrd Land  United States 1957 Summer camp 75°45′00″S 135°00′00″W / 75.750000°S 135.000000°W / -75.750000; -135.000000
Marine Plain[2] Vestfold Hills  Australia n/a Support field personnel working in the protected site ASPA 143 Summer camp
Open
Mawson 68°36′09″S 78°06′05″E / 68.602500°S 78.101389°E / -68.602500; 78.101389 UTC+6
Mariner Camp[10]  Italy n/a Fuel depot Summer Zucchelli 73°29′47″S 167°01′38″E / 73.496500°S 167.027167°E / -73.496500; 167.027167 UTC+12
Martín Güemes I Duse Bay  Argentina 1953 Summer refuge
Covered by ice in 1960
Esperanza 63°29′00″S 57°00′00″W / 63.483333°S 57°W / -63.483333; -57
Martín Güemes II Duse Bay  Argentina 1959 Summer refuge
Open
Esperanza 63°30′14″S 57°07′25″W / 63.503911°S 57.123603°W / -63.503911; -57.123603
McGregor[4] McGregor Glacier  United States 1982 Summer hut 85°08′00″S 170°50′00″W / 85.133333°S 170.833333°W / -85.133333; -170.833333
Megadunes[18] Antarctic Plateau  United States 2003 Support scientists Summer camp 80°30′00″S 125°00′00″E / 80.5000°S 125.0000°E / -80.5000; 125.0000
Mesa Range[10] Mesa Range  Italy n/a Fuel depot Summer Zucchelli 73°28′58″S 162°46′06″E / 73.482900°S 162.768250°E / -73.482900; 162.768250 UTC+12
Meteorite Hills[19] Meteorite Hills  United States Since 1976 ANSMET Project Summer camp 79°38′00″S 155°41′00″E / 79.633333°S 155.683333°E / -79.633333; 155.683333
Mid Point East Antarctic Ice Sheet  Italy 1988 Airfield Camp
Depot
Summer camp
Open
Zucchelli
Concordia
75°32′28″S 145°49′18″E / 75.540982°S 145.821707°E / -75.540982; 145.821707 UTC+12
Minnesota[4] Jones Mountains  United States 1961 Summer camp
Closed 1965
73°30′00″S 94°30′00″W / 73.500000°S 94.500000°W / -73.500000; -94.500000
Moody Nunatak[18]  United States 2003 Logistical helicopter Summer camp 83°07′00″S 159°30′00″E / 83.116667°S 159.500000°E / -83.116667; 159.500000
Morris Basin[10] Morris Basin  Italy n/a Fuel depot Summer Zucchelli 75°38′15″S 159°04′09″E / 75.637500°S 159.069167°E / -75.637500; 159.069167 UTC+12
Mount Henderson Hut[2] Mount Henderson  Australia n/a Shelter for visitors Summer hut
Open
Mawson 67°42′03″S 63°03′23″E / 67.700833°S 63.056389°E / -67.700833; 63.056389 UTC+6
Mount Jackman[10] Mount Jackman  Italy n/a Fuel depot Summer Zucchelli 72°23′06″S 163°10′47″E / 72.385000°S 163.179667°E / -72.385000; 163.179667 UTC+12
Mount Minto [10] Admiralty Mountains  Italy n/a Fuel depot Summer Zucchelli 71°36′41″S 167°55′34″E / 71.611517°S 167.926067°E / -71.611517; 167.926067 UTC+12
N
Neptune Pensacola Mountains  United States 1963 Paleobotany
Entomology
Geodesy
Summer refuge
Closed 1966
83°31′00″S 57°15′00″W / 83.516667°S 57.25°W / -83.516667; -57.25
New Harbour New Harbour  United States n/a Summer refuge
Open
77°34′40″S 163°31′13″E / 77.577796°S 163.520379°E / -77.577796; 163.520379
Nogal de Saldán Cape Jeremy  Argentina 1958 Summer refuge
Closed
(69°24′04″S 68°49′20″W / 69.401070°S 68.822150°W / -69.401070; -68.822150)
Nuestra Señora de Luján Danco Coast  Argentina 1979 Summer Refuge
64°09′21″S 60°57′18″W / 64.155752°S 60.955071°W / -64.155752; -60.955071
O
Ocean Camp Weddell Sea Ice Shelf  United Kingdom 1915 Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition Abandoned
1915
Odell Glacier[9] Odell Glacier  United States 2001 Summer camp 76°39′00″S 159°58′00″E / 76.650000°S 159.966667°E / -76.650000; 159.966667
Ohio[4] Horlick Mountains  United States 1961 Summer camp
Closed 1967
84°52′00″S 114°20′00″W / 84.866667°S 114.333333°W / -84.866667; -114.333333
Ohio H[4]  United States 1962 Summer camp
Closed 1965
86°00′00″S 127°00′00″W / 86.000000°S 127.000000°W / -86.000000; -127.000000
Omgi Horseshoe Island  Turkey 2019 Meteorology
Scientific activity
Summer camp 67°49′48″S 67°14′17″W / 67.829968°S 67.238061°W / -67.829968; -67.238061
Ona Fallières Coast  Argentina 1995 Summer refuge
San Martín 68°06′02″S 67°01′30″W / 68.100500°S 67.024966°W / -68.100500; -67.024966
Onset D[9]  United States 2001 Summer camp 80°45′39″S 125°47′36″W / 80.760833°S 125.793333°W / -80.760833; -125.793333
Orford Cliff (OC)[20] Orford Cliff  United Kingdom 1957 Survey
Geology
Summer refuge
Closed 1959
Demolished 1997
Station W 66°54′37″S 66°29′18″W / 66.910274°S 66.488224°W / -66.910274; -66.488224
Ortiz Paradise Harbor  Argentina 1956 Summer refuge
Open
Brown 64°53′43″S 62°51′57″W / 64.895242°S 62.865839°W / -64.895242; -62.865839
P
Paso de los Andes Avian Island  Argentina 1957 Summer refuge
Open
San Martín 67°46′00″S 68°54′00″W / 67.766667°S 68.9°W / -67.766667; -68.9
Paso del Medio Hope Bay  Argentina 1990 Summer refuge
63°25′00″S 57°05′00″W / 63.416667°S 57.083333°W / -63.416667; -57.083333
Patience Camp Weddell Sea Ice Shelf  United Kingdom 1915 Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition Abandoned
1916
Patriot Hills Ellsworth Mountains  United States 1987 Private camp and Blue ice runway Summer camp
Open
Various 80°19′0″S 81°16′0″W / 80.31667°S 81.26667°W / -80.31667; -81.26667 (Patriot Hills) UTC−5
Patuxent[4] Patuxent Range  United States 1962 Summer camp
Closed 1965
84°54′00″S 63°00′00″W / 84.900000°S 63.0000°W / -84.900000; -63.0000
Peggotty Bluff Peggotty Bluff
South Georgia
 United Kingdom 1916 Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition Abandoned n/a 54°9′0″S 37°17′0″W / 54.15000°S 37.28333°W / -54.15000; -37.28333 (Peggotty Camp) UTC−2
Peterson Island[2] Peterson Island  Australia n/a Shelter for visitors Summer refuge
Open
Casey 66°28′00″S 110°30′00″E / 66.466667°S 110.5°E / -66.466667; 110.5
Pine Island Glacier Pine Island Glacier  United States n/a Ice stream survey Summer refuge
Open
75°48′13″S 100°16′38″W / 75.803611°S 100.277222°W / -75.803611; -100.277222
Platcha[2] Princess Elizabeth Land  Australia 1961 Base for field training Summer refuge
Open
Davis 68°30′42″S 78°30′44″E / 68.511667°S 78.512222°E / -68.511667; 78.512222
Polheim South Pole  Norway 1911 Amundsen's South Pole expedition Abandoned n/a 90°S 0°E / 90°S 0°E / -90; 0 (Polheim)
Prebble Glacier[4] Prebble Glacier  United States 1966 Camp Closed 1967 84°15′00″S 164°10′00″E / 84.250000°S 164.166667°E / -84.250000; 164.166667
Puerto Moro Hope Bay  Argentina 1951 Summer Integrated into
Esperanza
63°24′02″S 56°59′53″W / 63.400523°S 56.997933°W / -63.400523; -56.997933
R
Rada Lote Danco Coast  Argentina 1953 Summer refuge
Destroyed by a storm
64°39′00″S 62°34′00″W / 64.65°S 62.566667°W / -64.65; -62.566667
Rasmussen Island (RS)[21] Rasmussen Island  United Kingdom 1985 Emergency refuge
Recreational shelter
Summer refuge
Closed 1996
Occasionally used
65°14′45″S 64°05′08″W / 65.245792°S 64.085536°W / -65.245792; -64.085536
Reedy Glacier[9] Reedy Glacier  United States 2001 Summer camp 85°30′S 134°00′W / 85.5°S 134°W / -85.5; -134
Robert Guillard Adélie Land  France
 Italy
1994 Logistic camp to Concordia[22] Summer refuge
Open
Dumont d'Urville 66°41′28″S 139°53′44″E / 66.691104°S 139.895677°E / -66.691104; 139.895677
Robinson Ridge[2] Robinson Ridge  Australia 1998 Support field personnel Summer refuge
Open
68°49′16″S 77°41′56″E / 68.821034°S 77.698765°E / -68.821034; 77.698765
Rookery Lake[2] Vestfold Hills  Australia n/a Support monitoring programs on Adelie penguins Summer refuge
Open
68°29′56″S 78°04′05″E / 68.498878°S 78.067989°E / -68.498878; 78.067989
Roosevelt Island[4] Roosevelt Island  United States 1969 Summer hut 80°11′00″S 161°39′00″W / 80.183333°S 161.650000°W / -80.183333; -161.650000
Roque C. Cisterna Luitpold Coast  Argentina 1976 Summer refuge
Open
77°52′00″S 34°19′00″W / 77.866667°S 34.316667°W / -77.866667; -34.316667
Rumdoodle[2] Rumdoodle Peak  Australia n/a Ski Landing Area[23] Summer refuge
Open
Mawson 67°46′08″S 62°49′01″E / 67.768889°S 62.816944°E / -67.768889; 62.816944
S
S17 Camp Enderby Land  Japan n/a Summer refuge
Open
Showa 69°01′57″S 40°03′55″E / 69.032398°S 40.065210°E / -69.032398; 40.065210 UTC+3
Sally Rocks South Bay  Bulgaria 2005 Summer refuge
Open
St. Kliment Ohridski 62°42′08″S 60°25′07″W / 62.702111°S 60.418556°W / -62.702111; -60.418556
Salta Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf  Argentina 1957 Summer refuge
Closed 1975
Belgrano II 78°01′00″S 35°48′00″W / 78.016667°S 35.8°W / -78.016667; -35.8
Salyut Queen Mary Land  Soviet Union 1978 Summer base
Closed 1978
65°32′00″S 96°30′00″E / 65.533333°S 96.5°E / -65.533333; 96.5
San Antonio Larsen Nunatak  Argentina 1959 Summer refuge
Open
Integrated in Matienzo 64°58′00″S 60°04′00″W / 64.966667°S 60.066667°W / -64.966667; -60.066667
SANAP Summer Base Queen Maud Land  South Africa 2009 Logistics Summer
Open
SANAE IV 70°38′24″S 8°15′43″W / 70.640047°S 8.261901°W / -70.640047; -8.261901
San Carlos Brandy Bay  Argentina 1959 Summer refuge
Open
Esperanza 63°49′00″S 57°59′00″W / 63.816667°S 57.983333°W / -63.816667; -57.983333
San Juan Hidden Lake  Argentina 1959 Summer refuge
Lost
Esperanza 64°02′01″S 58°18′06″W / 64.033511°S 58.301686°W / -64.033511; -58.301686
San Nicolás Trinity Peninsula  Argentina 1963 Summer refuge
Closed
Esperanza 63°39′00″S 57°50′00″W / 63.65°S 57.833333°W / -63.65; -57.833333
San Roque Robertson Island  Argentina 1956 Summer refuge
Closed
Esperanza 65°14′40″S 59°26′38″W / 65.244413°S 59.443782°W / -65.244413; -59.443782
Sansom Sansom Islands  Australia Depot 69°42′37″S 73°44′45″E / 69.710172°S 73.745967°E / -69.710172; 73.745967
Santa Bárbara Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf  Argentina 1963 Summer refuge
Lost
79°58′00″S 37°48′00″W / 79.966667°S 37.8°W / -79.966667; -37.8
Santa Teresita Oscar II Coast  Argentina 1953 Summer refuge
Closed
66°22′00″S 62°55′00″W / 66.366667°S 62.916667°W / -66.366667; -62.916667
Scott's Hut Ross Island  United Kingdom 1911 Terra Nova Expedition, Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition Abandoned
1917
ASPA #155
n/a 77°38′0″S 166°24′0″E / 77.63333°S 166.40000°E / -77.63333; 166.40000 (Scott's Hut) UTC+12
Scullin monolith[2] Scullin monolith  Australia 1988 Depot in support of field programs in ASPA 164 Summer refuge
Open
Mawson 67°47′13″S 66°41′36″E / 67.786814°S 66.693391°E / -67.786814; 66.693391
Shackleton Camp Transantarctic Mountains  United States 2015 Summer camp
Open
85°05′24″S 175°19′48″W / 85.090000°S 175.330000°W / -85.090000; -175.330000
Shackleton's Hut Cape Royds
Ross Island
 United Kingdom 1908 Nimrod Expedition Abandoned
ASPA #157
n/a 77°33′S 166°10′E / 77.550°S 166.167°E / -77.550; 166.167 (Cape Royds Hut) UTC+12
Siple Dome[24] Marie Byrd Land  United States 1996 Logistic Summer camp McMurdo
Amundsen–Scott South Pole
81°39′15″S 149°00′18″W / 81.65430285°S 149.0051336°W / -81.65430285; -149.0051336
Sitry
(C-3)
Antarctic Plateau  Italy 2000 Airfield Camp
Fuel depot
Summer camp
Closed
71°39′06″S 148°39′17″E / 71.65173817°S 148.654737°E / -71.65173817; 148.654737
Sky Blu Ellsworth Land  United Kingdom 1993 Logistics Facility Summer camp
Open
Rothera 74°51′23″S 71°35′07″W / 74.856351°S 71.58519987°W / -74.856351; -71.58519987 UTC−5
South Ice Edith Ronne Land  United Kingdom 1957 IGY overwinter Abandoned n/a 82°05′S 30°00′W / 82.083°S 30.000°W / -82.083; -30.000 (South Ice) UTC−2
Starr Nunatak[10] Starr Nunatak  Italy n/a Fuel depot Summer Zucchelli 75°54′01″S 162°33′47″E / 75.900167°S 162.563000°E / -75.900167; 162.563000 UTC+12
Station P Mateev Cove  United Kingdom 1957 Summer camp
Abandoned
62°38′58″S 60°35′25″W / 62.649306°S 60.590278°W / -62.649306; -60.590278
T
Talos Dome[25] Talos Dome  Italy 2004 TALDICE Project Summer camp
Removed 2008
Zucchelli 72°49′40″S 159°11′00″E / 72.827778°S 159.183333°E / -72.827778; 159.183333 UTC+12
Tam Flat[10] Victoria Land  Italy n/a Fuel depot Summer Zucchelli 75°00′37″S 162°38′02″E / 75.010333°S 162.633833°E / -75.010333; 162.633833 UTC+12
Tamseis[24] Wilkes Land  United States 2001 Trans-Antarctic Mountains Seismic Experiment Summer camp 81°39′08″S 122°35′16″E / 81.652333°S 122.587833°E / -81.652333; 122.587833
Thorne Port Foster  Argentina 1953 Summer refuge
Destroyed in 1969 due to volcanic eruption
62°56′00″S 60°42′00″W / 62.933333°S 60.7°W / -62.933333; -60.7
Trajer Ridge[2] Trajer Ridge  Australia 1988 Emergency refuge and due to be replaced Summer refuge
Open
Davis 68°33′39″S 78°30′00″E / 68.560833°S 78.500000°E / -68.560833; 78.500000
Tucker Glacier[10] Tucker Glacier  Italy n/a Fuel depot Summer Zucchelli 72°26′51″S 168°31′04″E / 72.447617°S 168.517750°E / -72.447617; 168.517750 UTC+12
Turkish Camp[26] Horseshoe Island  Turkey 2019 Scientific activity Summer camp
Open
67°49′48″S 67°14′10″W / 67.829872°S 67.236161°W / -67.829872; -67.236161
U
Union Glacier Ellsworth Land  United States n/a Private Camp Summer camp
Open
79°46′05″S 83°15′42″W / 79.768036°S 83.261666°W / -79.768036; -83.261666 UTC-3
V
Valleverdú Seymour Island  Argentina 2008 Boats Refuge
Carlini 64°15′23″S 56°44′22″W / 64.256353°S 56.739510°W / -64.256353; -56.739510
Vargas Deception Island  Chile 1956 Refuge Abandoned 1967 Aguirre Cerda 62°57′00″S 60°36′00″W / 62.949917°S 60.600015°W / -62.949917; -60.600015
Vinson[27] Branscomb Glacier  United States n/a Private Base Camp Summer camp
Open
78°32′05″S 86°00′24″W / 78.534836°S 86.006707°W / -78.534836; -86.006707
Virgen de las Nieves Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf  Argentina 1958 Summer refuge
Closed
Belgrano II 79°10′00″S 38°53′00″W / 79.166667°S 38.883333°W / -79.166667; -38.883333
Virgen de Loreto Larsen Ice Shelf  Argentina 1963 Summer refuge
Lost
65°33′S 61°30′W / 65.55°S 61.5°W / -65.55; -61.5
W
WAIS Divide WAIS Divide  United States 2005 Collect deep
ice core
Summer camp
Open
McMurdo 79°28′03″S 112°05′11″W / 79.467472°S 112.086389°W / -79.467472; -112.086389
Watts Lake[2] Ellis Fjord  Australia n/a Support of biological programs Summer refuge
Open
Davis 68°36′10″S 78°13′29″E / 68.602771°S 78.2246510°E / -68.602771; 78.2246510
Whichaway Schirmacher Oasis  United States n/a Private camp Summer camp
Open
70°45′51″S 11°37′01″E / 70.764104°S 11.617067°E / -70.764104; 11.617067
Wilkes 'Hilton'[2] Clark Peninsula  Australia 1962 Support field personnel Summer refuge
Open
Casey 66°15′24″S 110°31′25″E / 66.256630°S 110.523686°E / -66.256630; 110.523686
Wilkins Runway Wilkes Land  Australia n/a Airfield Camp Summer camp
Open
Casey 66°41′27″S 111°31′28″E / 66.690791°S 111.524338°E / -66.690791; 111.524338 UTC+8
Wiltgen Elephant Island  Brazil 1985 Summer refuge
Dismantled
1998
Ferraz 61°01′S 55°13′W / 61.01°S 55.21°W / -61.01; -55.21
Whoop Whoop[28]  Australia Ski Landing Area[23][29] Summer hut Davis 68°28′11″S 73°44′45″E / 68.469731°S 73.745967°E / -68.469731; 73.745967
Y
Yapeyú Fallières Coast  Argentina 1956 Summer refuge
Open
San Martín 68°05′00″S 66°41′00″W / 68.083333°S 66.683333°W / -68.083333; -66.683333

See also[edit]

Antarctic field camps. Clockwise: Patriot Hills, Academia, Fossil Bluff, Sky Blu, Erebus, Scott's Hut, Lower Erebus, Casanovas.

References[edit]

  1. ^ "About COMNAP". Council of Managers of National Antarctic Programs. Archived from the original on February 20, 2015. Retrieved September 15, 2018.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y "Antarctic Treaty". Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2017-09-15.
  3. ^ a b "New discovery from ghost mountains". British Antarctic Survey. Retrieved August 18, 2018.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Location of U.S. Antarctic Research Stations. The National Academies Press. 1991. doi:10.17226/1876. ISBN 978-0-309-04626-8. Retrieved September 20, 2018.
  5. ^ "The Oldest Ice on Earth?". Ice Story Dispatches from Polar Scientists. Retrieved August 24, 2018.
  6. ^ "Antarctic Treaty meeting at Beardmore field camp". Spaceref Network. Retrieved August 18, 2018.
  7. ^ "Blaiklock Island refuge". British Antarctic Survey. Retrieved 27 November 2017.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h "New Zealand huts and refuges". Antarctica New Zealand. newzealand.gvt.nz. Retrieved October 4, 2018.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h "Station Openings 2001 - 2002". National Science Foundation (US). Retrieved August 21, 2018.
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o "Rapporto Campagna Antartica 2012-2013" (PDF). UTE - ENEA. Retrieved 29 August 2020.
  11. ^ "Cape Reclus refuge (CR)". British Antarctic Survey. Retrieved 28 November 2017.
  12. ^ "CTAM 2010-11". National Science Foundation (US). Retrieved 21 October 2018.
  13. ^ "Damoy Point transit facility". British Antarctic Survey. Retrieved 12 August 2018.
  14. ^ "Fossil Bluff Station KG". British Antarctic Survey. Archived from the original on 12 January 2023. Retrieved 12 August 2018.
  15. ^ Oerter, Hans. "Accumulation studies Amundsenisen". Annals of Glaciology. 29. Cambridge University Press: 1–9. doi:10.3189/172756499781820914. S2CID 55097350. Retrieved 27 October 2021.
  16. ^ "Beyond EPICA Oldest Ice". Alfred-Wegener-Institut. Retrieved 9 January 2022.
  17. ^ "Little Dome C". Beyond EPICA Oldest Ice. Retrieved 9 January 2022.
  18. ^ a b "2003-2004 USAP Field Season". United States Antarctic Program. Retrieved August 21, 2018.
  19. ^ "Searching Antarctic Ice for Meteorites". Planetary Science Research. Retrieved August 22, 2018.
  20. ^ "Orford Cliff refuge (OC)". British Antarctic Survey. Retrieved 29 November 2017.
  21. ^ "Rasmussen Island refuge (OC)". British Antarctic Survey. Retrieved 29 November 2017.
  22. ^ Cap Prud’Homme Italiantartide
  23. ^ a b Intracontinental ski landing area locations Australian Antarctic Division. Retrieved 23 January 2023.
  24. ^ a b "Refuges 2001 - 2002". National Science Foundation (US). Retrieved August 21, 2018.
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  26. ^ "Science team reaches Turkish research base". Polar Research Institute. Retrieved 20 August 2020.
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