Daniel R. Lucey

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Daniel R. Lucey
Born
Castle Air Force Base, California, US
CitizenshipAmerican
Education
OccupationInfectious diseases professor
Known forResearch in infectious diseases
Medical career
ProfessionPhysician
Sub-specialtiesInfectious diseases
ResearchEmerging infectious diseases
Awards

Daniel R. Lucey is an American physician, researcher, clinical professor of medicine of infectious diseases at Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, and a research associate in anthropology at the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, where he has co-organised an exhibition on eight viral outbreaks.

Lucey comes from a military family in California. He graduated in psychology from Dartmouth College in 1977, and after gaining an M.D. in 1982, he worked with people in San Francisco who had a previously unknown disease, later known as HIV/AIDS. He subsequently gained a masters in public health from Harvard School of Public Health.

He spent much of the 1990s studying HIV and vaccines. As chief of infectious diseases at the Washington Hospital Center, he had worked on preparations on what to do should there be an intentional release of an infectious agent. This came into operation when following the September 11 attacks of 2001, stockpiles of antibiotics were ready for the subsequent anthrax attacks. He later devised a staging system for inhalation anthrax and advocated the stockpiling of chest drains for its treatment should toxic fluid accumulate around the lungs.

In 2003, Lucey was involved in a campaign to administer smallpox vaccinations to hundreds of thousands of workers. The following year, he gave testimony following reports of high lead levels in Washington DC's public water system. The 'Lead Free Drinking Water Act of 2004' was introduced the following month.

He has analysed, monitored and responded to several emerging infectious diseases, including the SARS outbreaks of 2003 in China, Hong Kong and Canada, the subsequent H5N1 bird flu in South East Asia and Egypt, H1N1 flu in Egypt, nipah virus in Bangladesh, MERS in the Middle East and Republic of Korea, Ebola in Western Africa, Zika in Brazil, yellow fever in China, chikungunya in Pakistan, H7N9 in China and plague in Madagascar, followed by the 2018–20 Ebola epidemic in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease, caused by SARS-CoV-2, which began in 2019.

His awards include the 2001 Walter Reed Medal, and the United States Department of the Army's Commander's Award for Public Service, for the care he gave to those injured at The Pentagon on September 11, 2001.

Early life and education[edit]

Daniel R. Lucey was born at Castle Air Force Base, into a military family in Merced County, California and spent his childhood in various parts of the United States including Florida, Ohio, Virginia, South Carolina, Pennsylvania and North Dakota.[1][2]

In 1973, he joined Dartmouth College, from where he graduated in psychology in 1977.[3] He then gained admission to study medicine at Dartmouth Medical School, now known as Geisel School of Medicine,[3][4] when as a medical student in 1979, he spent two months at the Baragwanath Hospital, Soweto, South Africa,[3] recalling later that this was his "first exposure to infectious disease".[1][5]

Early medical career[edit]

UCSF Medical Center

He gained an M.D. in 1982,[3][6] following which he began his early training at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF),[3] where he worked with people who were suffering from a previously unknown disease, later known as HIV/AIDS.[1][7]

In 1988 he gained a masters in public health from Harvard School of Public Health,[3][8][9] where he had gained a fellowship of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.[3][10]

From 1988 to 1990 he was attending physician at United States Air Force, Wilford Hall Medical Center, San Antonio, Texas.[1][8] From 1992 to 1998, he was attending physician in infectious diseases and internal medicine at the National Naval Medical Center, Bethesda.[3] In 1993, while he was studying HIV at the National Institutes of Health campus, he became a fellow of the American College of Physicians,[1][6][8] Three years later, he was appointed to work on biodefense vaccines, vaccines for hepatitis A and B, and vaccines for Lyme disease and HIV, at the Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research at the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).[1][8] Subsequently, in 1998, he was appointed to HIV research as viral immunologist at the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research.[3]

Washington Hospital Center[edit]

In 2001, as chief of infectious diseases at the Washington Hospital Center during the September 11 attacks,[9] he had worked on preparations on what to do should there be an intentional release of an infectious agent.[1][8]

Anthrax[edit]

Inhalational anthrax, widening of mediastinum

Lucey contributed to the preparedness of the hospital for the subsequent 2001 anthrax attacks by arranging stock piles of antibiotics. Several media companies and two U.S. senators had received letters containing anthrax spores, infecting 22 people in total, five of whom died.[1][8][11][12] Of these cases, 11 involved the skin and 11 were in the lungs (inhalation anthrax).[13] Antibiotics needed to be given quickly.[14] Noting that the first case of anthrax presented with meningitis, Lucey emphasised that should a diagnosis of anthrax meningitis ever be made, a public health response should be triggered.[13]

He has published works on inhalation anthrax, particularly the staging of the disease which he divided into four: "asymptomatic, early-prodromal, intermediate-progressive and late-fulminant", with survival being more likely with earlier administration of antibiotics.[15][12] Learning from the experiences of medical professionals who treated the victims of the 1979 anthrax outbreak in the city of Sverdlovsk, he developed an understanding of treating anthrax affecting the lungs by draining the resulting infected and toxic lung fluid, and injecting antibiotics directly into the pleural space.[1][12] As a result, he has endorsed the stock-piling of items ready to perform pleural drainage should it be necessary.[12][16] A later study published in the Annals of Internal Medicine, showed the importance of detecting anthrax early and administering antibiotics within hours of a bioterrorist attack, as well as stockpiling chest drains to perform lung fluid drainage.[17]

Smallpox vaccination program[edit]

Smallpox vaccine[18]

In 2003, Lucey was involved in a campaign to administer smallpox vaccinations to hundreds of thousands of workers.[19] Despite the mounting cost of the campaign and doubts about it being necessary, Lucey in 2003, as director of the Center for Biologic Counterterrorism and Emerging Diseases at the Washington Hospital Center, endorsed the vaccination of healthcare workers and stated that "the threat is definitely real. This is a dangerous time," and advised "for ourselves to be protected, and to then be able to take care of patients and contribute to a large-scale vaccination program."[20]

Lead contamination[edit]

In February 2004, a few days after starting work with biodefense at the Washington DC department of health, Lucey was present at a taskforce meeting on the high lead levels in Washington DC's public water system. He became involved in the subsequent investigations and gave testimony on April 7, 2004, to the Fisheries, Wildlife, and Water Subcommittee. The 'Lead Free Drinking Water Act of 2004' was introduced the following month.[9][21][22]

Georgetown University Medical Center[edit]

Georgetown University Medical Center

Since 2004, as adjunct professor of medicine and infectious diseases at Georgetown University Medical Center (GUMC), he has taught students on bioterrorism and emerging infectious disease.[12]

In 2014, he became a senior scholar with the O’Neill Institute for National and Global Health Law at Georgetown University.[10] In the same year, as an anthropology research associate, he co-organised an exhibition on epidemics at the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History. Along with the institute's team, he worked with 30 colleagues from around the world to produce an exhibit of eight viral outbreaks, beginning with the quote "our world is interconnected more than ever before – by global travel and trade, technology, and even our viruses", and ending with "what's next is already here; we just haven't recognized it yet".[5][23]

Emerging infectious diseases[edit]

Science writer, Laura Stephenson Carter, wrote in the 2012 alumni album of Dartmouth College, that for over 30 years Lucey has been "chasing things you wouldn't want to catch".[1] He coined the term "pan-epidemic",[24] and between 2003 and 2016, he spent time researching infectious disease outbreaks in several countries.[8]

SARS 2003[edit]

In 2003 he worked on the SARS outbreaks in Guangzhou China, Hong Kong and Toronto, Canada, where the affected hospitals came to be known as SARS hospitals.[25] At the time, regarding personal protective equipment, Lucey stated that "getting all hospital workers to comply with standard infection control procedures—all the time—was a key to stopping an outbreak of SARS in 2003 ... someone stood there and monitored you to make sure you followed, step by step by step, putting it on properly and taking it off."[26]

Bird flu[edit]

Subsequently, he worked on the H5N1 bird flu outbreak in Thailand, Indonesia, Vietnam and Egypt, and the H1N1 flu in Egypt.[1][8][27]

MERS[edit]

MERS Coronavirus Particle

He worked on MERS in the Middle East and Republic of Korea.[8] Having studied MERS, he considers it “in terms of a super-spreading event rather than a super spreader”.[28]

Ebola in Western Africa[edit]

He treated people with ebola during the ebola outbreak in Liberia, Guinea and Sierre Leone, where he helped in the isolation unit at Connaught Hospital in Freetown.[8][29][30]

Zika[edit]

In 2016, in the Journal of the American Medical Association, Lucey and his colleague Larry Gostin called for the zika epidemic in the Americas to be announced a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC), criticizing the WHO for not escalating their response sooner, and stating that "it is far better to be overprepared than to wait until a zika epidemic spins out of control".[1][8][31]

Nipah virus[edit]

Lucey visited Bangladesh during its nipah virus outbreak of 2004, caused by the consumption of date palm sap contaminated by fruit bats.[1][32]

More than a decade later, when in 2018, nipah occurred in Kerala, India, where it had never previously emerged, he responded that “the medical and public health response in Kerala prevented it from becoming much worse”.[33][34] His report in 2018, published in the International Journal of Infectious Diseases, called the incident in Kerala "a bellwether of that potential risk of a Nipah pandemic".[32] He warned of a potential epidemic of nipah virus,[1][35] and stated at the time that "immediate enhanced preparation measures should include training on personal protective equipment (PPE), infection prevention and control, diagnostic testing, and clinical management protocols".[32] The report advocated the need for countries that had no past experience of nipah outbreaks, to make preparations.[36]

Yellow fever[edit]

On the question of whether Asia will ever encounter an outbreak of yellow fever, Lucey showed concern when, in 2016, an outbreak in Angola led to several infected travellers reaching China.[37] He worked on yellow fever during that outbreak, highlighting difficulties should mass quantities of vaccine be required.[38][39][40]

Other emerging infectious diseases[edit]

Other involvements have included the chikungunya outbreak in Pakistan, H7N9 influenza in China and the plague in Madagascar.[38]

He was one expert who called for the 2018-20 ebola epidemic in the Democratic Republic of the Congo to be declared a PHEIC in July 2019.[41]

COVID-19 pandemic[edit]

SARS-CoV-2 (yellow) (image via NIAID Rocky Mountain Laboratories (RML).[42]

Reporting on his views of the ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease, caused by SARS-CoV-2, which began in 2019, Lucey recalled that "the SARS outbreak in Toronto in 2003 started with one missed case".[43] The new coronavirus outbreak, reported by the World Health Organization on December 31, 2019, has been associated with the Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market, a wet market in Wuhan, China. When Chinese researchers published their report in January 2020 in The Lancet, on the first 41 confirmed cases of the new coronavirus, Lucey hypothesised that if the data was accurate, with 12 of the 41 with no direct link to the market and the earliest reported onset of symptoms being December 1, 2019, and with a calculated incubation period of up to two weeks, the virus may have already been quietly circulating among humans from at least November 2019 and "the virus came into that marketplace before it came out of that marketplace".[44][45][46] His analysis of the Chinese report was published in a paper titled "Coronavirus — Unknown Source, Unrecognized Spread, and Pandemic Potential" in Think Global in January 2020.[47][48]

Awards[edit]

In 1982, while at Dartmouth Medical School, he gained membership to the AOA Medical Honor Society.[3][12] In 1988, he received the young investigator award from the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.[49]

For his work in preparing the city of Washington for the anthrax attacks, Lucey received the Walter Reed Medal in 2001. The following year the United States Department of the Army awarded him the Commander's Award for Public Service, for the care he gave to those injured at The Pentagon on September 11, 2001. In 2003, he received a Distinguished Service Award from the District of Columbia Hospital Association for Bioterrorism Preparedness.[12] In the same year, the Medical Society of the District of Columbia awarded him their Meritorious Service Award.[6]

Selected publications[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Carter, Laura Stephenson (2012). "Daniel Lucey, M.D. '81: Outbreak expert" (PDF). Dartmouth Medicine Magazine: 48–49. Retrieved January 29, 2020.
  2. ^ Szabo, Liz. "Doctor treating Ebola: 'I've been given a gift'". USA TODAY. Retrieved February 3, 2020.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Lucey, Daniel R. (2015). Daniel R. Lucey: Curriculum Vitae Archived February 1, 2020, at the Wayback Machine.
  4. ^ Seidman, Lauren (2019). "Dartmouth Medicine Magazine :: Fighting the Viruses of the Future" (PDF). dartmed.dartmouth.edu. pp. 26–27. Retrieved February 17, 2020.
  5. ^ a b "A Tour with Dr. Daniel Lucey – Outbreak: Epidemics in a Connected World Exhibit at the Smithsonian Museum of Natural History". The Pandora Report. December 13, 2019. Retrieved February 1, 2020.
  6. ^ a b c "DOH appoints Daniel Lucey Interim CMO, Robert Johnson Director of Substance Abuse, February 17, 2004". www.dcwatch.com. February 17, 2004. Retrieved February 27, 2020.
  7. ^ "PMAC | Prince Mahidol Award Conference". pmac2018.com. Retrieved February 1, 2020.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Sam F. Halabi, ed. (2017). Global Management of Infectious Disease After Ebola. Jeffrey S. Crowley, Lawrence Ogalthorpe Gostin. Oxford University Press. pp. 18–52. ISBN 978-0-19-060488-2.
  9. ^ a b c Detection of Englanf Lead in the Dc Drinking Water System. Hearing before the subcommittee on fisheries, wildlife, and water of the committee on environment and public works United States Senate 108th Congress, 2nd session. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office. 2004. p. 56. ISBN 978-1-4223-3254-2.
  10. ^ a b "Daniel R. Lucey". Georgetown Law. Archived from the original on March 9, 2020. Retrieved January 31, 2020.
  11. ^ Twombly, Renee (February 15, 2014). "A Modern Day Virus Hunter". Georgetown University Medical Center. Retrieved February 3, 2020.
  12. ^ a b c d e f g Stroud, Clare; Viswanathan, Kristin; Powell, Tia; Bass, Robert R, eds. (2012). Prepositioning Antibiotics for Anthrax. Washington DC: National Academies Press. p. 323. ISBN 978-0-309-21808-5.
  13. ^ a b Cohen, Miriam (2007). "27. Bioterrorism in the context of infectious diseases". In Felissa R. Lashley (ed.). Emerging Infectious Diseases: Trends and Issues, Second Edition. Jerry D. Durham. New York: Springer Publishing Company. p. 427. ISBN 978-0-8261-0250-8.
  14. ^ Artenstein, Andrew W.; Martin, Troy (2008). "12. Bioterrorism". In Kenneth H. Mayer (ed.). The Social Ecology of Infectious Diseases. H.F. Pizer. London: Elsevier. p. 331. ISBN 978-0-12-370466-5.
  15. ^ Gates-Hollingsworth, Marcellene A.; Perry, Mark R.; Chen, Hongjing; Needham, James; Houghton, Raymond L.; Raychaudhuri, Syamal; Hubbard, Mark A.; Kozel, Thomas R. (May 5, 2015). "Immunoassay for Capsular Antigen of Bacillus anthracis Enables Rapid Diagnosis in a Rabbit Model of Inhalational Anthrax". PLOS ONE. 10 (5): e0126304. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1026304G. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0126304. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 4420260. PMID 25942409.
  16. ^ Aebersold, Paul (2012). "FDA Experience with Medical Countermeasures under the Animal Rule". Advances in Preventive Medicine. 2012: 507571. doi:10.1155/2012/507571. PMC 3177089. PMID 21991452.
  17. ^ "Most effective anthrax treatment: rapid diagnosis, antibiotics and lung drainage, va-Stanford study finds". News Center. Retrieved February 4, 2020.
  18. ^ "Details - Public Health Image Library(PHIL)". phil.cdc.gov. Retrieved March 3, 2020.
  19. ^ Davenport, Christian. "Smallpox Strategies Shifting". www.ph.ucla.edu. Retrieved February 27, 2020.
  20. ^ Connolly, Ceci (April 13, 2003). "U.S. Smallpox Vaccine Program Lags". The Washington Post. Retrieved February 27, 2020.
  21. ^ United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Environment and Public Works (2004). Water Infrastructure Financing Act: report of the Committee on Environment and Public Works, United States Senate, to accompany S. 2550 together with additional views (including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office). U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 66.
  22. ^ United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Technology (2007). Subcommittee on Investigations and Oversight (2010). Preventing Harm, Protecting Health: Reforming CDC's Environmental Public Health Practices : Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Investigations and Oversight, Committee on Science and Technology, House of Representatives, One Hundred Eleventh Congress, Second Session, May 20, 2010. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 116. ISBN 9780160883200.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  23. ^ Reeder, Angela Roberts. "Meet the People Leading the Fight Against Pandemics". www.smithsonianmag.com. Retrieved February 28, 2020.
  24. ^ Sparrow, Annie (June 9, 2016). "The Awful Diseases on the Way". New York Review of Books. ISSN 0028-7504. Retrieved February 27, 2020.
  25. ^ "A Modern Day Virus Hunter". Georgetown University Medical Center. February 15, 2014. Retrieved February 28, 2020.
  26. ^ "How U.S. Hospitals Are Planning To Stop The Deadly MERS Virus". Colorado Public Radio. May 14, 2014. Retrieved February 27, 2020.
  27. ^ Mirgani, Suzi (September 15, 2014). "Daniel Lucey on Global Viral Outbreaks". Center for International and Regional Studies - Georgetown University in Qatar. Retrieved February 18, 2020.
  28. ^ Fox, Maggie (May 13, 2014). "As MERS Fears Spread, History Offers Sobering Lesson". NBC News. Retrieved February 27, 2020.
  29. ^ Phillip, Abbey. Rise in new cases shows Ebola has not released its deadly grip. The Washington Post, June 12, 2015
  30. ^ Neergaard, Lauran (September 11, 2014). "Facing Ebola for first time, doctor learns to use crucial safety gear, then helps teach others". canada.com. Archived from the original on February 28, 2020. Retrieved February 28, 2020.
  31. ^ Botelho, Greg (January 28, 2016). "Zika virus 'spreading explosively,' WHO leader says". CNN. Retrieved January 31, 2020.
  32. ^ a b c "Huffington Post India". huffington1855.rssing.com. June 6, 2018. Retrieved February 29, 2020.
  33. ^ Parry, Nicholas (June 3, 2019). "A resurgence of the Nipah virus?". Health Issues India. Retrieved February 28, 2020.
  34. ^ "Deadly Nipah virus outbreak hits southern India". www.healio.com. May 22, 2018. Retrieved February 28, 2020.
  35. ^ "Nipah Outbreak Death Toll Increases To 16; Researchers Warn Of Potential For Virus's Further Spread". The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation. June 6, 2018. Retrieved January 31, 2020.
  36. ^ Singh, Raj Kumar; Dhama, Kuldeep; Chakraborty, Sandip; Tiwari, Ruchi; Natesan, Senthilkumar; Khandia, Rekha; Munjal, Ashok; Vora, Kranti Suresh; Latheef, Shyma K.; Karthik, Kumaragurubaran; Singh Malik, Yashpal (April 22, 2019). "Nipah virus: epidemiology, pathology, immunobiology and advances in diagnosis, vaccine designing and control strategies – a comprehensive review". The Veterinary Quarterly. 39 (1): 26–55. doi:10.1080/01652176.2019.1580827. ISSN 0165-2176. PMC 6830995. PMID 31006350.
  37. ^ "As the World Is Hit with Vaccine Shortages, Will This Mosquito-Borne Virus Find Its Way to Asia?". ContagionLive. October 13, 2017. Retrieved February 27, 2020.
  38. ^ a b "Daniel R. Lucey". O'Neill Institute. Archived from the original on March 17, 2020. Retrieved January 30, 2020.
  39. ^ "What You Should Know About Yellow Fever". Undark Magazine. May 27, 2016. Retrieved January 31, 2020.
  40. ^ "Yellow fever - Africa (92): WHO, Angola, Congo DR, letter to WHO". www.promedmail.org. International Society for Infectious Diseases. Retrieved February 1, 2020.
  41. ^ Klain, Ronald A.; Lucey, Daniel (July 10, 2019). "Opinion | It's time to declare a public health emergency on Ebola". Washington Post. Retrieved July 20, 2019.
  42. ^ "New Images of Novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 Now Available | NIH: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases". www.niaid.nih.gov. February 13, 2020. Retrieved February 26, 2020.
  43. ^ Otto, M. Alexander (January 27, 2020). "Wuhan Virus: What Clinicians Need to Know". Medscape. Retrieved January 30, 2020.
  44. ^ Cohen, Jon (January 26, 2020). "Wuhan seafood market may not be source of novel virus spreading globally". Science | AAAS. Archived from the original on January 27, 2020. Retrieved February 1, 2020.
  45. ^ Cohen, Jon (January 31, 2020). "New coronavirus threat galvanizes scientists". Science. 367 (6477): 492–493. Bibcode:2020Sci...367..492C. doi:10.1126/science.367.6477.492. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 32001631. S2CID 210982800.
  46. ^ Cheng, Zhangkai J.; Shan, Jing (February 18, 2020). "2019 Novel coronavirus: where we are and what we know". Infection. 48 (2): 155–163. doi:10.1007/s15010-020-01401-y. ISSN 1439-0973. PMC 7095345. PMID 32072569.
  47. ^ Barton, Antigone (January 25, 2020). "UPDATE Wuhan coronavirus – 2019-nCoV Q&A #6: An evidence-based hypothesis". Science Speaks: Global ID News. Retrieved February 1, 2020.
  48. ^ "COVID-19: What You Need to Know". www.idsociety.org. Retrieved February 25, 2020.
  49. ^ Membership Directory: Awards. American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, p 131.

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